Acanunaca
The Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam, a.k.a. Nippo Jisho 日葡辞書 ("Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary") is, like most dictionaries, great fun to browse through. It's kind of baffling that (as far as I know) there's no modern typeset version of any kind available, so we have to make do with facsimiles of varying quality and an admittedly marvelous translated version (Doi, Morita, and Chōnan). Or is there a samizdat e-text floating around somewhere? Someone hook me up!
Much of the fun comes from charming definitions for terms you already know. Take akanu naka 飽かぬ仲. Brinkley et al define it simply as "an inseparable and delightful relation" (16). The Nippo Jisho sez (with my translation):
Acanunaca. Amizade, ou liança como de cazados, ou amigos bē vnidos, & que não ha cauſa por via de deſamor pera ſe apartarē. (2)
Friendship, or alliance like that of the married, or friends well united, & which has not cause by way of disaffection to be ended [separated].
At least, I'm pretty sure that's what it means. This is where Doi et al's Japanese translation comes in handy, although then of course you have the problem of deciding whether to trust them when they say that "amigo" here means "lover" 愛人 rather than "friend" (10) — the Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, for one, disagrees, glossing it 親友 "close friend", and I have no idea what usage was more likely for a Portuguese Jesuit in 1603.
Sadly, IE-based bluffing can only get you so far. And that's why "learn Galician-Portuguese and cautiously move forward to early Modern Portuguese" is on my to-do list. (Well, that and cantigas d'amigo.)
Fortunately, even for those of us who can't read the dictionary properly, it can still teach us all kinds of interesting things about Japanese phonology in the Late Middle/Early Modern period. I plan to post about these a bit next week.
References
- Brinkley, Frank, Nanjō Bunyū 南條文雄, Iwasaki Yukichika 岩崎行親, Mitsukuri Kakichi 箕作佳吉, and Matsumura Jinzō 松村任三. An Unabridged Japanese-English Dictionary. Tokyo: Sanseido 三省堂, 1896. Archive.org. Web. 8 March 2012.
- Doi, Tadao 土井忠生, Morita Takeshi 森田武, and Chōnan Minoru 長南実. Hōyaku Nippo Jisho 邦訳日葡辞書. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten 岩波書店, 1980. Print.
- Nihon Kokugo Daijiten 日本国語大辞典. Shōgakukan 小学館. JapanKnowledge. Web. 5 March 2012.
- Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam. Nagasaki, 1603. Tokyo: Benseisha 勉誠社, 1978. Print.
Leonardo Boiko:
You might already know this, but “amigo” was definitely “lover” at the time of the troubadors (13c). Today it’s just “friend” and never “boyfriend” (except perhaps in the old-fashioned adjective “amigado” = living together with your unmarried companion).
I’m uncertain of when the meaning shifted, and what it meant in the 16th century. From a quick search, I see that at least in Camões (16c) it’s already used as “friend”, including in such expressions as “a friend of peace” or “a friend to nature”.
I happen to want precisely a fac-simile of the Vocabulario, as well as the Arte da Lingoa de Iapam (aka 日本大文典 ). Would you recommend any editions? It’s a shame books published in Japan are so hard to acquire overseas.