2008-07-31

100 years of spring brooks

"Haru no ogawa" (春の小川, "Spring brook"; painful MIDI; jazzy YouTube) is a kid's song known to everyone who grew up in Japan thanks to its long history in the education department: almost a century! Not many people know that the lyrics have changed twice over the years, though.

Wikipedia has a good summary. Here's the original first verse, from the 1912 version published in official Education Department materials for fourth-graders:

Haru no ogawa wa/ sara-sara nagaru
Kishi no sumire ya/ renge no hana ni
Nioi medetaku/ iro utsukushiku
Sake yo sake yo to/ sasayaku gotoku
Smoothly, smoothly flows the brook/ now that spring has come again.
To the violets on the bank/ and the lotus blossoms too,
"Let your fragrance joyful be/ and your colors beautiful:
"Bloom ye, bloom!" -- Thus the brook/ seems to whisper to them all.

Note the nagaru, a classical verb form that even in 1912 was long gone from spoken language, and the gotoku, an adverbial form of gotoshi ("like, similar to") to which the same applies.

In 1942, poet HAYASHI Ryūha rewrote it in more natural spoken language, for materials aimed at third-graders:

Haru no ogawa wa/ sara-sara iku yo
Kishi no sumire ya/ renge no hana ni
Sugata yasashiku/ iro utsukushiku
Saiteiru ne to, sasayakinagara
Smoothly, smoothly goes the brook/ now that spring has come again.
To the violets on the bank/ and the lotus blossoms too,
"How your form is kind and gentle/ and your colors beautiful,
"As you bloom!" says the brook/ in a whisper as it goes.

You can see that he's dropped nagaru and gotoku. It looks like medetaku was deemed too stuffy, too, and for some reason Hayashi changed the brook's line from an order to an observation.

This was revised again in 1947:

Haru no ogawa wa/ sara-sara iku yo
Kishi no sumire ya/ renge no hana ni
Sugata yasashiku/ iro utsukushiku
Sake yo sake yo to/ sasayakinagara
Smoothly, smoothly goes the brook/ now that spring has come again.
To the violets on the bank/ and the lotus blossoms too,
"Let your form be kind and gentle/ and your colors beautiful:
"Bloom ye, bloom!" says the brook/ in a whisper as it goes.

The only change here was the restoration of the imperative form in the last line. Presumably they decided that whatever was gained by making the brook less pushy wasn't worth the inconsistency it caused with the second verse, which had started with Asobe asobe to ("Play ye, play!") since 1912.

Japan has a large body of "official folk music" like this: songs that everyone knows, that have evolved over the years, but which have relatively recent origins—specifically, the mid-to-late-Meiji push to get European harmony into Japanese schools. It took hold and has held up surprisingly well, when you consider that it was an œuvre largely produced by contractors to government specifications.

Popularity factor: 4

naoki:

I sang the third lyrics at elementary school. I don't have so good a memory there because I hated the militaristic style inherited from the pre-war era. Still, I feel nostalgic when I hear or sing those children songs, which bring me smile. When I close my eyes, the songs have me see the scenery and landscape of good and old Japan.
Who can believe the lyrics of this song were written from the landscape of Shibuya-ku yoyogi!


Matt:

That surprised me too! I bet most kids' understanding of spring brooks, red dragonflies, etc. these days comes at least as much from Miyazaki Hayao movies as from actual experience.

How did elementary school compare with middle/high school for you?


naoki:

In our generation(born in the middle of the 60s), school was all authoritarian up to high school. I was too nonconformist. Corporal punishment was pretty common. I had to hit a teacher back when I found it unfair and I was branded as bad boy in junior high. Anyway, from junior high, music class wasn't like that in elementary as I remember.

Living in Europe, when I talk to people here, I realize for once the children songs are good. It seems people here don't have such children songs as ours; they're replaced by pop songs of a generation. But I don't think they evoke so much of nostalgic sides of a country's nature and tradition. Several times after drinking a lot, I tried to sing those songs with Japanese none of whom was such a good pupil.
To my surprise, they remembered the lyrics and could sing acapella. Also, I wonder if the Japanese musical education contributes to prosperity of karaoke.


Matt:

Yeah, I'm not even kidding when I call it "official folk". Everyone knows these songs!

You might be on to something with the musical education thing. The key things about karaoke in my experience is whether you're willing to sing in front of others or not. Virtually everyone who comes here from an Indo-European-speaking culture starts out all "No way!", but once they give it a try and discover that singing in front of their friends isn't that bad when everyone's drunk, they generally change their tune (ha, you see what I did there). Myself included!

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