2006-08-03

Wild bears in Japanese poetry

There is a poem in the Manyōshū that goes a little something like this:

荒熊之 住云山之 師齒迫山 責而雖問 汝名者不告

araguma no / sumu to ihu yama / sihaseyama / semete tohu to mo / na ga na ha norazi

Translated literally, it means: "Mt Iwase, the mountain on which wild bears are said to live. Even if [someone] asks me insistently, [I] won't give up your name."

You might be thinking that the two halves of that have nothing to do with each other, meaning-wise, and you'd be right. So why are they together in one poem? KITAMURA Kigin's commentary 万葉拾穂抄 (Manyōshūsuishō) says of the first half:

此哥序哥と見ゆ師歯迫といふ迫の字せまると訓する故せめてといはん諷詞に置にや

That is, it's just a little prelude which sets the scene for the semete (insistently, forcibly) by its use of the place-name sihase, the se of which is written with the character 迫, which is used in the word semaru (draw near, narrow, become sticky [metaphorically, of a situation]), which is obviously related to the semete with which the second half begins.

Wild bears in Japanese poetry: used mainly to sex up multi-layered grapho-verbal puns.

(Okay, I admit, the wild bear mountain business is probably also intended to evoke the depth and passion of the speaker's feelings etc.)

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